ThisTwitter threadshares 20 examples of this difficult and delicate practice.

The gold script pops against the dark, dried leaves.

Working with this natural material was no easy feat, though.

Islamic Leaf Calligraphy

As might be expected, verses from the Qur’an, poetry, and prayers were popular choices for calligraphers.

Looking at these pieces, it’s impossible not to marvel at their intricacy.

It’s a testament to their artistry that so many examples still survive.

Arabic Calligraphy from Ottoman Turkey on a Leaf

The Ottoman Turks are known for perfecting Arabic calligraphy.

Calligraphers often used animals, fruit, and inanimate objects in their compositions.

Ottoman Arabic Leaf Calligraphy

Ottoman Turkish Leaf Calligraphy in the Shape of a Lion

Islamic Leaf Calligraphy

Artistic Islamic Leaf Calligraphy

Artistic Islamic Leaf Calligraphy

Arabic Calligraphy on a Leaf in the Shape of a Bird

Artistic Islamic Leaf Calligraphy